The main factors affecting the filtration efficiency of high flow filter cartridges include the following aspects:

1. Filter Media Characteristics: The core material (e.g., melt-blown polypropylene, pleated membrane, glass fiber) and its properties are paramount. Pore size rating and distribution directly determine what size particles are captured. Media thickness and density impact dirt-holding capacity and flow resistance. The material's inherent chemical compatibility with the process fluid is essential to prevent degradation.

2. Operational Flow Rate: Ironically, the defining feature of these cartridges – high flow rate – is a major efficiency influencer. Exceeding the cartridge's designed optimal flow rate creates excessive velocity through the media. This high shear force can dislodge previously captured particles ("re-entrainment") and force smaller particles through the pores that would otherwise be captured at lower flows, significantly reducing efficiency.

3. Differential Pressure (ΔP): As a cartridge loads with contaminants, the pressure drop across it increases. While some ΔP is normal, allowing it to rise too high (often nearing the cartridge's maximum rated ΔP) can compact the filter cake, deform the media, or even cause bypass, drastically reducing efficiency and potentially damaging the cartridge. High initial flow rates also contribute to a higher initial ΔP.

4. Fluid Properties: The viscosity and temperature of the fluid being filtered directly impact flow dynamics and particle behavior. Higher viscosity fluids require more pressure to push through the media at a given flow rate, potentially necessitating different media or larger cartridges. Temperature can affect both viscosity and the physical properties of the media.

5. Contaminant Profile: The nature of the contaminant is crucial. The size, shape, concentration, and load (amount) of particles determine the challenge to the filter. Cartridges efficient at capturing large particles might struggle with sub-micron contaminants. High contaminant loads will saturate the cartridge faster.

6. System Design & Installation: Proper housing design ensuring even flow distribution across the entire cartridge surface is vital. Poorly designed housings can cause channeling, where flow takes the path of least resistance, bypassing much of the filter media. Correct installation, including proper sealing to prevent bypass, is fundamental.